Does Fipronil Affect on Aquatic Organisms? Physiological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Alterations of Non-Target Freshwater Mussel Species

Fipronil is widely used against insects in agriculture and ectoparasites domestic areas veterinary medicine. However, fipronil may influence non-target species as a result of the contamination aquatic ecosystems. The present study aimed to investigate acute sublethal effects freshwater mussels (Unio delicatus), species, with physiological, antioxidant action mechanisms histopathological observations. 96-h LC50 value was found be 2.64 (1.45–4.56) mg/L. Sublethal concentrations were applied at 1/10 1/5 0.264 mg/L 0.528 for 48-h 7-d. Haemolymph samples, digestive gland gill tissues taken after exposure times. While Total Haemocyte Counts decreased exposure, it only high fipronil-exposed 7-d (p < 0.05). glutathione values glands gills higher groups 0.05), AOPP Moreover, caused alterations on glands. These things considered, principal component analysis revealed that most pronounced changes by exposure. results show are toxic mussels.